Vitiated Passion :: essays research papers

Vitiated Passion Throughout the world many people search for their perfect companion. In the pursuit of their soul mate, they face the possibility of choosing the wrong person. This can result in a destructive relationship not only for the couple, but for their offspring as well. In Emily Bronte’s novel Wuthering Heights, readers follow the story of two families and the trials they faced as a result of calamitous relationships between children and their parents, spouses, and within themselves. Parents who don’t care at all, care very little, or lack any sense of sympathy are a reoccurring element in Wuthering Heights. Heathcliff joining the Earnshaw family caused Mr. Earnshaw to neglect his son Hindley. Which completely disassociated father and son. This separation lasted until the death of Mr. Earnshaw and continued to affect Hindley, even when it came to his relationship with Hareton. Hindley became such a drunken gambler that he couldn’t connect with or care for his son, leaving that care eventually to Heathcliff, who also had a son. Linton and Heathcliff’s relationship was in such ruin that Heathcliff’s only interest in his son was to fulfill his desire of revenge against the Linton and Earnshaw families. Linton proves his father’s oppression when saying, â€Å"†¦my father threatened me, and I dread him! I dread him!† The detachment and enmity expressed in this novel show that callous parents may instigate severe damage in the relationships they share with their children. This psychological damage can then ultimately carry on for the duration of each child’s life. When finding that perfect someone, it is common to miss the truth hidden behind the faà §ade a person portrays. If one marries into a relationship where the depth of understanding shared between the two persons is limited, they risk further emotional and relational destruction. Isabella married Heathcliff seeing him as a gentleman—finding out too late that his true demeanor was that of a brute. She proclaimed her discovery when saying in a letter, â€Å"Is Heathcliff a man? If so, is he mad? And if not, is he a devil? I shan’t tell my reasons for making this inquiry; but I beseech you to explain, if you can, what have I married†¦?† The relationship shared between Isabella and Heathcliff carried little knowledge of the other person and ultimately damaged each person. Similarly, Catherine married Edgar with a desire to please herself through stability. She knew him very little, but was content in knowing he cared for her, had a house, and would provide ample support of her throughout her life.

Holocaust

When did the Holocaust begin? I. January 1933- Hitler sworn in as the chancellor of Germany A. Whereas before it was only a plan (one which people though Hitler would forgo when actually in office) was now set into motion. B. April of the same year would see the beginning of Hitler’s implementation of such anti- Semitic legislation, starting with the prohibition of Jews from the Civil Service. II. November 1935- Nuremberg Laws enacted A. Jews are now subject to a myriad of prohibitions, aimed at their disemancipation. B. Anti-Semitism takes on a legislative form III.November 1938- Kristallnacht A. 7500 Jewish businesses destroyed B. 267 shuls burned C. 91 Jews killed D. 25000 arrests E. Much legislation is made against Jews. They are now banned from public schools, cinemas, etc. F. The Anti- Semitism is brought out from the parliament and into the streets and homes of the Jews. IV. September 1939- Germany invades Poland A. Aditionally, there is the outline by Heydrich of Jewis h policy. 1. Einzatzgruppen 2. Complete census of Jews in Poland 3. Judenrats 4. General Gouvernment 5. A-B Aktion B. Forceful, violent anti-Semitism is made into official policy. V.June 1941- Germany invades Russia A. Slaughter intensifies. 1. Babi Yar 2. Mass ghettoization VI. January 1942-Wannsee Conference A. Defined and outlined the â€Å"Final Solution† 1. Mass murder is employed-institutional murder. VII. These changes both reflect a pre-determined policy which was being implemented in steps, but situations- both military and social- which were presented to the Nazis forced them to reexamine or restructure policy based on need or opportunity. A. Though much legislation was pre-planned, Wannsee, for example was a response to Nazi failure to fully implement Holocaust goals.This meeting was not necessarily planned before the war, but necessity brought about such an increase in the mass murder. VIII. It is impossible to designate a single moment as it is more like a snowba ll, building up from ages of anti-Semitism and slowly becoming the Holocaust. Question 2- Emigration I. Jews decided to remain in Germany prior to 1938 for three main reasons: A. They and their families have been Germans fro generations and they were not prepared to leave their homes and businesses. B. They were nationalistic and felt pride and connection to Germany. 1.Central Union of Germans of Hebrew Faith -â€Å"No one can rob us of our home and our fatherland. † 2. Rabbi J. Layman, reform rabbi- political change had not affected their commitment to Germany as Germans of the Hebrew faith. Most Jews should stay in Germany because this is their homeland. C. They thought this was only temporary an that the storm would pass. D. Additionally, they really had no where to go. As many hundreds of thousands of Jews did emigrate, the Evian Conference in Evian, France saw many Western European and American countries basically close their doors to Jewish emigration. II. Nazi stance o n Jewish emigrationA. In 1934, Hitler was advised that emigration would be the answer. 1. Adolf Eichmann bought land in Equator to send the Jews there. B. But in 1937, Nazis changed their minds and emigration wasn’t the answer. C. Nov 1940- Polish Jewish emigration is prohibited. D. October 1941- All Jewish emigration is prohibited out of German occupied territory E. However, Transfer Agreement was enacted in which Jews could buy German products, ship them to Palestine and sell them through the Jewish Agency there. 1. Through this agreement, over 50,000 Jews immigrated to Palestine. Question 3- Jewish Responses to Nazi Law I.Stages of Anti- Jewish Laws A. There were three stages: 1. Removal from Public Life a. Removal from entertainment and press (1933) 2. Anti-Semitism as Policy of State a. Expelling Jewish Immigrants (1934) b. Nuremberg Laws (1935) 3. Deemancipation a. Out of Economic Life (1938) b. Ousted from Public Schools (1938) II. Jewish Reactions- as the needs arose due to various legislation, the Jews responded in various ways. A. April 1933 the Central Committee for Help and Reconstruction- coordinated welfare activities B. September 17, 1933, the National Representation of the German Jews- political representation C.Jewish organizations focused on social work and aid to the needy. D. They established a Jewish educational system for children who had been ousted from the German educational system E. Disseminated information about various countries of destination, and they offered language and vocational classes. Question 4- Raul Hilberg’s Schemes I. Stage One- Identification, Marking, and Concentration A. Nuremberg Laws of 1935 identified someone with three or more Jewish grandparents as a ‘full Jew'- these laws were applied to Poland basically as soon as it was taken over. B.September 21, 1939- Conference led by Heydrich, Chief of the Reich Central Security Office in Berlin discussing long-term future of Polish Jewry. States that there is an â€Å"final aim. † Calls for concentration of Jews in cities, and the formation of ghettos. C. November 23, 1939 Jews were required to be in public with external markings, a white band with the Star of David D. Laws 1. Jews can not relocate without Nazi permission 2. Spatial separation from Poles 3. Other racial Laws E. Concentration of Jews into the General Government and into Ghettos. 4. Most famous ghettos were in Warsaw and Lodz II.Stage Two- Mass Murder A. 1941- Einzatsgruppen employed to kill Jews B. December 1941- Chelmno- first use of gas C. 1941- Babi Yar D. January 1942- Wannsee Conference established â€Å"Final Solution. † E. Use of Concentration Camps and industrialized murder (Auschwitz, etc. ) Question 5- Jewish Resistance I. There was definitely more Jewish resistance than is popularly mentioned. A. Western Europe- fought in mainstream resistance movements B. Eastern Europe- formed their own partisan units C. April- May 1943- Warsaw Ghetto Uprising 1. ZOB, ZZW- Warsaw Jewish fighting units D.There were many other small uprisings in other ghettos. E. Some concentration camps had uprisings. 1. Auschwitz (1944) 2. Sobibor (1943) 3. Treblinka (1943) II. Additionally, there was unarmed resistance A. In Warsaw, leaflets were distributed urging people to avoid deportations, as they were in fact trains to death camps. B. Yehuda Bauer also defines resistance as any activity that gave the Jewish people dignity and humanity in the most humiliating and inhumane conditions. Hence, most of such acts of ‘resistance† went undocumented. Bauer comments how much resistance there really was, despite the conditions they had to endure. stt Holocaust When did the Holocaust begin? I. January 1933- Hitler sworn in as the chancellor of Germany A. Whereas before it was only a plan (one which people though Hitler would forgo when actually in office) was now set into motion. B. April of the same year would see the beginning of Hitler’s implementation of such anti- Semitic legislation, starting with the prohibition of Jews from the Civil Service. II. November 1935- Nuremberg Laws enacted A. Jews are now subject to a myriad of prohibitions, aimed at their disemancipation. B. Anti-Semitism takes on a legislative form III.November 1938- Kristallnacht A. 7500 Jewish businesses destroyed B. 267 shuls burned C. 91 Jews killed D. 25000 arrests E. Much legislation is made against Jews. They are now banned from public schools, cinemas, etc. F. The Anti- Semitism is brought out from the parliament and into the streets and homes of the Jews. IV. September 1939- Germany invades Poland A. Aditionally, there is the outline by Heydrich of Jewis h policy. 1. Einzatzgruppen 2. Complete census of Jews in Poland 3. Judenrats 4. General Gouvernment 5. A-B Aktion B. Forceful, violent anti-Semitism is made into official policy. V.June 1941- Germany invades Russia A. Slaughter intensifies. 1. Babi Yar 2. Mass ghettoization VI. January 1942-Wannsee Conference A. Defined and outlined the â€Å"Final Solution† 1. Mass murder is employed-institutional murder. VII. These changes both reflect a pre-determined policy which was being implemented in steps, but situations- both military and social- which were presented to the Nazis forced them to reexamine or restructure policy based on need or opportunity. A. Though much legislation was pre-planned, Wannsee, for example was a response to Nazi failure to fully implement Holocaust goals.This meeting was not necessarily planned before the war, but necessity brought about such an increase in the mass murder. VIII. It is impossible to designate a single moment as it is more like a snowba ll, building up from ages of anti-Semitism and slowly becoming the Holocaust. Question 2- Emigration I. Jews decided to remain in Germany prior to 1938 for three main reasons: A. They and their families have been Germans fro generations and they were not prepared to leave their homes and businesses. B. They were nationalistic and felt pride and connection to Germany. 1.Central Union of Germans of Hebrew Faith -â€Å"No one can rob us of our home and our fatherland. † 2. Rabbi J. Layman, reform rabbi- political change had not affected their commitment to Germany as Germans of the Hebrew faith. Most Jews should stay in Germany because this is their homeland. C. They thought this was only temporary an that the storm would pass. D. Additionally, they really had no where to go. As many hundreds of thousands of Jews did emigrate, the Evian Conference in Evian, France saw many Western European and American countries basically close their doors to Jewish emigration. II. Nazi stance o n Jewish emigrationA. In 1934, Hitler was advised that emigration would be the answer. 1. Adolf Eichmann bought land in Equator to send the Jews there. B. But in 1937, Nazis changed their minds and emigration wasn’t the answer. C. Nov 1940- Polish Jewish emigration is prohibited. D. October 1941- All Jewish emigration is prohibited out of German occupied territory E. However, Transfer Agreement was enacted in which Jews could buy German products, ship them to Palestine and sell them through the Jewish Agency there. 1. Through this agreement, over 50,000 Jews immigrated to Palestine. Question 3- Jewish Responses to Nazi Law I.Stages of Anti- Jewish Laws A. There were three stages: 1. Removal from Public Life a. Removal from entertainment and press (1933) 2. Anti-Semitism as Policy of State a. Expelling Jewish Immigrants (1934) b. Nuremberg Laws (1935) 3. Deemancipation a. Out of Economic Life (1938) b. Ousted from Public Schools (1938) II. Jewish Reactions- as the needs arose due to various legislation, the Jews responded in various ways. A. April 1933 the Central Committee for Help and Reconstruction- coordinated welfare activities B. September 17, 1933, the National Representation of the German Jews- political representation C.Jewish organizations focused on social work and aid to the needy. D. They established a Jewish educational system for children who had been ousted from the German educational system E. Disseminated information about various countries of destination, and they offered language and vocational classes. Question 4- Raul Hilberg’s Schemes I. Stage One- Identification, Marking, and Concentration A. Nuremberg Laws of 1935 identified someone with three or more Jewish grandparents as a ‘full Jew'- these laws were applied to Poland basically as soon as it was taken over. B.September 21, 1939- Conference led by Heydrich, Chief of the Reich Central Security Office in Berlin discussing long-term future of Polish Jewry. States that there is an â€Å"final aim. † Calls for concentration of Jews in cities, and the formation of ghettos. C. November 23, 1939 Jews were required to be in public with external markings, a white band with the Star of David D. Laws 1. Jews can not relocate without Nazi permission 2. Spatial separation from Poles 3. Other racial Laws E. Concentration of Jews into the General Government and into Ghettos. 4. Most famous ghettos were in Warsaw and Lodz II.Stage Two- Mass Murder A. 1941- Einzatsgruppen employed to kill Jews B. December 1941- Chelmno- first use of gas C. 1941- Babi Yar D. January 1942- Wannsee Conference established â€Å"Final Solution. † E. Use of Concentration Camps and industrialized murder (Auschwitz, etc. ) Question 5- Jewish Resistance I. There was definitely more Jewish resistance than is popularly mentioned. A. Western Europe- fought in mainstream resistance movements B. Eastern Europe- formed their own partisan units C. April- May 1943- Warsaw Ghetto Uprising 1. ZOB, ZZW- Warsaw Jewish fighting units D.There were many other small uprisings in other ghettos. E. Some concentration camps had uprisings. 1. Auschwitz (1944) 2. Sobibor (1943) 3. Treblinka (1943) II. Additionally, there was unarmed resistance A. In Warsaw, leaflets were distributed urging people to avoid deportations, as they were in fact trains to death camps. B. Yehuda Bauer also defines resistance as any activity that gave the Jewish people dignity and humanity in the most humiliating and inhumane conditions. Hence, most of such acts of ‘resistance† went undocumented. Bauer comments how much resistance there really was, despite the conditions they had to endure. stt

Case Study on Attempted Improvements to a Community...

Written in an interview format, this case illustrates the challenges and opportunities faced by a mid-level Public Administrator seeking to improve the performance of the community planning division. In 1983, Laura Shwartz became Chief of Community Planning Section of a large metropolitan county, County of Bend which covers a territory of 2,310 square miles and a pop. Of 1,269,700, which is responsible for long–term land use decisions. The department also deals with agricultural preservation, single family areas, and high density development. The department makes recommendations to the city council on future growth patterns of the county in consultation with a Citizen Committee to established goals and applied various zones to an area.†¦show more content†¦Retooling the staff so that it would be able to predict problems and work with communities and development interests of other public agencies was her number one priority. Teams that are cohesive, productive, and eff icient, whose members enjoy doing their work and working together, are a result of managers developing and leading teams that work in these ways. Successful teams are cohesive because team members work cooperatively, sharing common goals as well as the resources to achieve them. They are productive, because they have clarity on the common goal and purpose. The manager in the case determined this to be the first priority in her efforts to turn the department around. She helped the staff decide wither they wanted to be a part of her vision for the department. She accomplished by clearly identifying her goals and objectives then had them make a clear choice, you’re either in or you’re out, shifting the focus from skills and talents of the existing staff to their priorities and values. They are efficient because tasks are assigned in a way that takes into account the broader picture and strategy, rather than letting the team be dominated by near sighted tasks that did not produce a valuable product to their customers, shifting from policy recommendations based on research to active negotiations with communities. NowShow MoreRelatedAccounting12472 Words   |  50 PagesErnst Young â€Å"Business Leaders of Tomorrow† Case Contest Bigg Glowbell (BG) Case Study Table of Contents Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................................ 1 Assignment Background .................................................................................................................................. 2 Bigg-Glowbell Overview ..................................................Read MoreWhat are Green Roofs?770 Words   |  3 Pagespresence of green roofs. Similar kind of study was done on the urban ecosystems of green roofs, examining the biotic and abiotic components that contributes to overall ecological systems (Oberndorfer, Lundholm, Bass, Coffman, Doshi, 2007). Though green roofs are beneficial in water retention and varying the roof temperature according to the surrounding temperature, it highly depends for these attributes on its design (Simmons, Gardiner, Windhager, 2008). A case study on Fencing Academy of PhiladelphiaRead MoreSanta Marta Settlement Of A Farm O wned By Francisco Jose Leite6600 Words   |  27 Pagesexperience intervention from the two complementary State-led programs aforementioned; the Rio-Cidade Program or Rio City Program and the Favela-Barrio Program (Soter, 1996). It has a community of approximately 5,000 persons (E. Duarte, personal communication, December 24, 2015; Minoja, 2012) and 1,370 homes. The community of Santa Marta is located in the Botafogo district in the south zone of the city of Rio de Janeiro and is approximately 54,692 m2 in size. Its boundaries are well defined and provideRead MoreUrban Population And Urban Development8095 Words   |  33 Pageswhich to further situate the case-study settlement of Santa Marta. To understand it history and morphology over intersecting scales which indicate how and why this settlement has progressively consolidated, as well as attempting to understand the more recent processes and practices whereby this ‘informal’ settlement has come to be, arguably, an integrated, ordered and coherent settlement. The focus is on what the current reality can tell us about order, coherence and planning practice within these settlementsRead MorePioneers in Management4526 Words   |  19 Pages7. Max Weber - Father of Bureaucratic 8. Mary Parker Follet - Formulated the Principle of Coordination and focused her study on Behavioral Mgt. model 9. Chester Barnard - formulated the Acceptance Theory of Authority known also as Efficient-Effective theory Read MoreGrameenphone Recruitment5559 Words   |  23 Pagesview, tele-com-a technical profession- can be termed as industry. Services to its customers are the products of tele-communication industry besides being a pivotal factor in promoting capital formation in the country. In this report, we have attempted to find out the recruitment process and personnel forecasting of both Aktel and Grameenphone, and tried to compare the similarities and differences between the companies. We have focused on the management process and human resource sector of bothRead MoreCase 5 Essay13634 Words   |  55 Pages511 CASE Can This Relationship Be Saved? The Midwestern Medical Group’s Integration Journey Introduction 5 On a snowy January evening, the Midwestern Medical Group (MMG) management team held a retirement party for Judith Olsen, MMG president. During the evening, Olsen reï ¬â€šected back on the years she had worked for MMG with mixed feelings about her experience. Over the course of their eight-year integration This case was written by Rhonda Engleman and Jisun Yu under the supervision of ProfessorRead MoreThe Need for Quality Metrics in Green Construction Companies4272 Words   |  18 PagesStatement Despite their long-standing success in the traditional construction, CCI has struggled to increase their market share since making the shift to green building, despite a high volume of new business projects, and their solid reputation in the community. The procurement team, who was accustomed to the practice of offsetting labor costs with inferior product selection and economizing projects to maximize value, recognized the need for evaluation. Their investigation revealed two critical areasRead MoreHurricane Katrin The United States6790 Words   |  28 Pages had a capacity of a mere 10,000 people, leaving thousands more to fend for themselves. Desperate for clean water, food, and shelter, many of these people broke into the Ernest N. Morial Convention Center Complex searching for relief. Others attempted to cross the city connector bridge to a nearby suburb only to be forced back by police officers (â€Å"Hurricane Katrina†, 2015). The city of New Orleans fell into an anarchist style government with riots and looting a common occurrence. The countryRead MoreImproving Patient Outcomes2763 Words   |  12 Pagesbased on the decisions of the nurse and the interdisciplinary team. The new goal in healthcare is for outcomes to be patient centered. This means that the patient is looked at holistically and also that the patient is equally involved in the care planning process as the nursing and medical staff. This topic allows for nurses and nursing students to apply to Goodwin College curriculum framework based on the â€Å"Wellness Model† and â€Å"QSEN†. The nurse must collaborate with the patient and other members

Essay about Cultural Anthropology Book Report - 1815 Words

Classical Readings on Cultural Anthropology What do we have to learn through the study of different cultures? I was hoping for some wonderful revelation in the collection of writings. I may have found one. This book was a difficult read for me. I am not sure whether it’s my age or my inexperience with classical readings. I also found it difficult to formulate a report on a collection of readings, the last report I did was on Laura Ingall’s Little House on the Prairie. This reading was a little more challenging. The main point that seemed to jump out at me is that perceptions change, our theory of reality changes with every viewpoint. Every culture can seem primitive, self destructive, nonsensical, immoral or just wrong, depending on†¦show more content†¦He had spent a year with these people and they humiliated him and hurt him and he needed to find out why. Then along comes someone else, Marvin Harris, and he uses the exact same incident as an â€Å"amusing story† to point out the need of the peop les to curb the ego. I don’t think Mr. Lee thought is was amusing at the time, however that is how Mr. Harris perceived it. I don’t think that either of these stories belonged in the Economics and Ecology section. It appears to me that Mr. Harris has taken his theory way beyond the economical points of world cultures. He seems much more interested in exploring the theory of why we work at jobs and are not just self-sustaining. He gives much credence to the fact that if we would return to the hunter-gatherer state that we could work less and be better off. Next we move into the Marriage and Family Section, with a writing from Melvyn C. Goldstein. This was a much easier read for me – less technical or scientific terms that I am as yet unfamiliar with. This was an interesting story of why one woman would take on many husbands in the Tibetan culture. I thoroughly understood this passage and appreciated the insight given by the author. It appeared non-judgmental and non-condescending like some of the other passages I had read to this point. Death without Weeping by Nancy Scheper-Hughes takes you on a journey through theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book Savage Minds By Adam Fish And Nick Seaver855 Words   |  4 Pages I have chosen blog posts by Adam Fish and Nick Seaver. Adam Fish is a cultural anthropologist, a teacher and researcher at the Sociology Department of Lancaster University, UK. The blog posts I have chosen written by him are: â€Å"The genie is out of the bottle – it’s foolish to think encryption can now be banned† and â€Å"Interview: An anthropologist on Tiger Woods†. On the other hand, Nick Seaver is a PhD candidate in anthropology at UC Irvine. Conducting his research with developers of algorithmic musicRead MoreScience Majored Students Life At Queens College885 Words   |  4 PagesScience Majored Students’ Life at Queens College Anthropology is a combination of the words â€Å"Anthropos† and â€Å"Logos†. It simply means the study of human. Since the human beings have both biological and cultural characteristics, anthropology extensively studies including both aspects. However, culture is the most important thing in anthropology. The culture of a particular organization, group, or country consists of the habits of the people in it and the way they generally behave. The particular traitsRead MoreThe Biotic Community Do Not Construct Paradigms Essay1628 Words   |  7 Pagesbe it The Prince, by Machiavelli or The Book of Genesis. Also, as a liberal environmentalist intersectionality is an important aspect in viewing the world from a holistic lens rather from the binary. As mentioned in the book by DeFrancisco and Palczewski, intersectionality takes into account race, ethnicity, sex, gender, class, and sexual orientation. Also, intersectionality is an idea that is holistic in its approach. For instance, after analyzing The Book of Genesis, mentioned in the first sectionRead MoreParticipant Observation in Anthropology1749 Words   |  7 Pagesobservations and no other methods increases the possibility that they may not report the negative aspects of the culture. Schultz and Lavenda (2005) discuss the physical disadvantages of fully immersing oneself in a new culture, describing the â€Å"physical and mental dislocation and stress† (p.38). This includes the sometimes drastic change in climate, such as adjusting to extreme heat or cold. In addition, they note the cultural differences that will, despite being expected, inevitably be an adjustmentRead MoreThunder rides a black horse1100 Words   |  5 Pages Introduction to Anthropology 01 This report is based on the book Thunder Rides a Black Horse written by Claire R. Farrer. This book is written in context of an indian group called the Mescalero Apache Indians. Their reservation and ceremonial grounds are based in the south-central part of New Mexico. The author is very familiar with this tribe as she claims to be like family with some of the members. She writes this book based on her visit to join in on one ofRead MoreGregory Bateson And His Quest3338 Words   |  14 Pagescontributed to multiple subfields within anthropology along with other fields in the social sciences. Bateson never completely settled into one field, but rather, he synthesized his knowledge to incorporate it into his epistemology and methodologies. 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Being that Friedman is Jewish I rode off the book as a one-sided view of the happenings in the Middle East. What I found was quite the opposite; Friedman took a neutral position. Analyzing the situation in the Middle East is by no means an easy thing. There have of co urse been situations like thisRead MoreAnalysis Of Margaret Meads Coming Of Age In Samoa1227 Words   |  5 Pagessubject matter due to her speculation that the period adolescence within the United States during the 1920s was filled with stress and a period of turbulence; therefore, Mead hypothesized that stress felt by American youth resulted from the American cultural environment. Through her investigation adolescent girls, Mead aimed to test the validity of the claims of adolescent behavior being a physiological determinant. After spending nearly a year in American Samoa, Mead returned to New York in 1926 and

Women in the 20th Century - 1684 Words

The 1960’s was a time period in the United States history that saw an abundance of change for the American people. One of the many changes was the â€Å"sexual revolution†, which mainly focused on women. Not only did it focus on the sexual liberation of women, but also the attitude towards women in corporate America. The sexual revolution was a major turning point on how women were perceived in public, media, and politics. Throughout the 20th century women had become a political presence. They fought for the civil right of African Americans and were finally being heard as an organized group. Then women finally started to fight for their own right to vote, and in 1920 it was granted with the 19th amendment. After women were allowed to vote, and finally got to in the election of 1922, an abundance of women saw themselves as political equals to men. As a result of this many women started to pursue more professional freedoms, and started to engage in more masculine activities in view of the public eye. Women started to drink in public, which at the time was illegal due to prohibition. Fashion became more proactive for that time, skirts became higher, and hair was cut shorter as to blend in with their male counterparts. Women started to smoke as well, and wanted to obtain more sexual freedom, and to destroy the double standard of men being able to take multiple lovers, which was seen as healthy, but when a woman engaged in this activity was immoral and evil. With this fight forShow MoreRelatedWomen During The 20th Century1548 Words   |  7 PagesWomen are a large part of our society. They always have been. Without women none of us would be here right now. In the 18th, 19th, and early 20th centuries women did not really get to work much. A woman s job was typically to have and take care of the children. Mother was the main title that a woman could have. Then WWI started, and all of the men went off to fight in the war. With all of the men off fighting, there was no one left to to work in the factories. All of the wives and mothers, and womenRead MoreWomen During The 20th Century1840 Words   |  8 PagesThe government and ladinos had certain designs upon the market place and who ought to control it, and Mayan women fought them on it on a daily basis in order to protect their own interests and survival. As such, the state and its apparatuses created ways to police women who had very strong presence in public, included in that categories were midwives, market vendors, and sex workers, all targets of liberal narratives surrounding social control and national development. Thus, the market place becameRead MoreThe Role of American Women in the 20th Century1318 Words   |  5 PagesBefore the 20th century, the constrictions of the private sphere limited the roles of American women to those that related to domesticity. These roles included child bearing, rearing, cleaning, cooking, and tending to their husbands. This meant that women tended to set aside their hopes and dreams for a future that would extend beyond their lives of domesticity in order to focus solely on their home life. However, at the beginning of the 20th century women took it upon themselves to move away fromRead MoreWomen of the 20th Century Essays1670 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"I feel empty somehow†¦ incomplete†¦ I feel as if I don’t exist.† A sense of numbness was not u ncommon for many women who lived in the suburban world of the 1950’s. Confined by a strong emphasis on family and gender roles, women acted as wives and mothers, but did not live as individuals; always being their child’s mother, or their husband’s wife, led these women to lose their sense of self. As prisoners of their own lives, suburban housewives experienced an identity crisis that stripped them ofRead MoreThe Objectification Of Women During The 20th Century1382 Words   |  6 Pagesthe depiction of women. The Objectification of women did not start with photography, but it certainly did not end with photography either. The progression of objectification was only blossoming in the 19th-20th century. At that time, most acknowledged photographers were men. Men were expected to live a public life, whether it was working in a factory or socializing with ‘likeminded’ men in public places, like parties or out and about taking photographs. On the other hand, women were usually expectedRead MoreWomen in Sports 19th and 20th Century1067 Words   |  5 PagesJen Pearlstein December 2, 2010 Kin 305 Women in Sports 19th and 20th Century Women’s participation in sports has changed over the centuries. In ancient times, men dominated societies. Women were viewed as the caretaker, a provider for life. Women who did participate were criticized and were thought of as threatening. In 18th century America, women were considered inferior to men because of the belief that women are the weaker sex. A woman’s purpose in life was to take care of the houseRead MoreWomen And Gender During 20th Century America3566 Words   |  15 Pages Name: Title: Institution: Women and gender In 20th Century America Abstract Paid work for women moved from principally customary female-situated employments to all the more non-conventional and already male-arranged vocations. 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Roland Barthes the Death of the Author Free Essays

string(360) " person of the interlocutors: linguistically, the author is never anything more than the man who writes, just as I is no more than the man who says I: language knows a â€Å"subject,† not a â€Å"person,† end this subject, void outside of the very utterance which defines it, suffices to make language â€Å"work,† that is, to exhaust it\." The Death of the Author In his story Sarrasine, Balzac, speaking of a castrato disguised as a woman, writes this sentence: â€Å"It was Woman, with her sudden fears, her irrational whims, her instinctive fears, her unprovoked bravado, her daring and her delicious delicacy of feeling† Who is speaking in this way? Is it the story’s hero, concerned to ignore the castrato concealed beneath the woman? Is it the man Balzac, endowed by his personal experience with a philosophy of Woman?Is it the author Balzac, professing certain â€Å"literary† ideas of femininity? Is it universal wisdom? or romantic psychology? It will always be impossible to know, for the good reason that all writing is itself this special voice, consisting of several indiscernible voices, and that literature is precisely the invention of this voice, to which we cannot assign a specific origin: literature is that neuter, that composite, that oblique into which every subject escapes, the trap where all identity is lost, beginning with the very identity of the body that writes.Probably this has always been the case: once an action is recounted, for intransitive ends, and no longer in order to act directly upon reality – that is, finally external to any function but the very exercise of the symbol – this disjunction occurs, the voice loses its origin, the author enters his own death, writing begins.Nevertheless, the feeling about this phenomenon has been variable; in primitive societies, narrative is never undertaken by a person, but by a mediator, shaman or speaker, whose â€Å"performance† may be admired (that is, his mastery of the narrative code), but not his â€Å"genius† The author is a modern figure, produced no doubt by our society insofar as, at the end of the middle ages, with English empiricism, French rationalism and the personal faith of the Reformation, it discovered the prestige of the individual, or, to put it more nobly, of the â€Å"hu man person† Hence it is logical that with regard to literature it should be positivism, resume and the result of capitalist ideology, which has accorded the greatest importance to the author’s â€Å"person†The author still rules in manuals of literary history, in biographies of writers, in magazine interviews, and even in the awareness of literary men, anxious to unite, by their private journals, their person and their work; the image of literature to be found in contemporary culture is tyrannically centered on the author, his person, his history, his tastes, his passions; criticism still consists, ost of the time, in saying that Baudelaire’s work is the failure of the man Baudelaire, Van Gogh’s work his madness, Tchaikovsky’s his vice: the explanation of the work is always sought in the man who has produced it, as if, through the more or less transparent allegory of fiction, it was always finally the voice of one and the same person, the aut hor, which delivered his â€Å"confidence. We will write a custom essay sample on Roland Barthes the Death of the Author or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"Though the Author’s empire is still very powerful (recent criticism has often merely consolidated it), it is evident that for a long time now certain writers have attempted to topple it. In France, Mallarme was doubtless the first to see and foresee in its full extent the necessity of substituting language itself for the man who hitherto was supposed to own it; for Mallarme, as for us, it is language which speaks, not the author: to write is to reach, through a preexisting impersonality never to be confused with the castrating objectivity of the realistic ovelist – that point where language alone acts, â€Å"performs,† and not â€Å"oneself†: Mallarme’s entire poetics consists in suppressing the author for the sake of the writing (which is, as we shall see, to restore the status of the reader. ) Valery, encumbered with a psychology of the Self, greatly edulcorated Mallarme’s theory, but, turning in a preference for classicism to the lessons of rhetoric, he unceasingly questioned and mocked the Author, emphasized the linguistic and almost â€Å"chance† nature of his activity, and throughout his prose works championed the essentially verbal condition of literature, in the face of which any recourse to the writer’s inferiority seemed to him pure superstition.It is clear that Proust himself, despite the apparent psychological character of what is called his analyses, undertook the responsibility of inexorably blurring, by an extreme subtilization, the relation of the writer and his characters: by making the narrator not the person who has seen or felt, nor even the person who writes, but the person who will write (the young man of the novel – but, in fact, how old is he, and who is he? – wants to write but cannot, and the novel ends when at last the writing becomes possible), Proust has given modern writing its epic: by a radical reversal, instead of putting his life into his novel, as we say so often, he makes his very life into a work for which his own book was in a sense the model, so that it is quite obvious to us that it is not Charlus who imitates Montesquiou, but that Montesquiou in his anecdotal, historical reality is merely a secondary fragment, derived from Charlus.Surrealism lastly – to remain on the level of this prehistory of modernity – surrealism doubtless could not accord language a sovereign place, since language is a system and since what the movement sought was, romantically, a direct subversion of all codes – an illusory subversion, moreover, for a code cannot be destroyed, it can only be â€Å"played with†; but by abruptly violating expected meanings (this was the famous surrealist â€Å"jolt†), by entrusting to the hand the responsibility of writing as fast as po ssible what the head itself ignores (this was automatic writing), by accepting the principle and the experience of a collective writing, surrealism helped secularize the image of the Author.Finally, outside of literature itself (actually, these distinctions are being superseded), linguistics has just furnished the destruction of the Author with a precious analytic instrument by showing that utterance in its entirety is a void process, which functions perfectly without requiring to be filled by the person of the interlocutors: linguistically, the author is never anything more than the man who writes, just as I is no more than the man who says I: language knows a â€Å"subject,† not a â€Å"person,† end this subject, void outside of the very utterance which defines it, suffices to make language â€Å"work,† that is, to exhaust it. You read "Roland Barthes the Death of the Author" in category "Papers" The absence of the Author (with Brecht, we might speak here of a real â€Å"alienation:’ the Author diminishing like a tiny figure at the far end of the literary stage) is not only a historical fact or an act of writing: it utterly transforms the modern text (or – what is the same thing – the text is henceforth written and read so that in it, on every level, the Author absents himself). Time, first of all, is no longer the same.The Author, when we believe in him, is always conceived as the past of his own book: the book and the author take their places of their own accord on the same line, cast as a before and an after: the Author is supposed to feed the book – that is, he pre-exists it, thinks, suffers, lives for it; he maintains with his work the same relation of antecedence a father maintains with his child. Quite the contrary, the modern writer (scriptor) is born simultaneously with his text; he is in no way supplied with a being which precedes or transcends his writing, he is in no way the subject of which his book is the predicate; there is no other time than that of the utterance, and every text is eternally written here and now.This is because (or: it follows that) to write can no longer designate an operation of recording, of observing, of representing, of â€Å"painting† (as the Classic writers put it), but rather what the linguisticians, following the vocabulary of the Oxford school, call a performative, a rare verbal form (exclusively given to the first person and to the present), in which utterance has no other content than the act by which it is uttered: something like the / Command of kings or the I Sing of the early bards; the modern writer, having buried the Author, can therefore no longer believe, according to the â€Å"pathos† of his predecessors, that his hand is too slow for his thought or his passion, and that in consequence, making a law out of necessity, he must accentuate this gap and endlessly â€Å"elaborate† his form; for him, on the contrary, his hand, detached from any voice, borne by a pure gesture of inscription (and not of expression), traces a field without origin – or which, at least, has no other origin than language itself, that is, the very thing which ceaselessly questions any origin. We know that a text does not consist of a line of words, releasing a single â€Å"theological† meaning (the â€Å"message† of the Author-God), but is a space of many dimensions, in which are wedded and contested various kinds of writing, no one of which is original: the text is a tissue of citations, resulting from the thousand sources of culture.Like Bouvard and Pecuchet, those eternal copyists, both sublime and comical and whose profound absurdity precisely designates the truth of writing, the writer can only imitate a gesture forever anterior, never original; his only power is to combine the different kinds of writing, to oppose some by others, so as never to sustain himself by just one of them; if he wants to express himself, at least he should know that the internal â€Å"thing† he claims to â€Å"translate† is itself only a readymade dictionary whose words can be explained (defined) only by other words, and so on ad infinitum: an experience which occurred in an exemplary fashion to the young De Quincey, so gifted in Greek that in order to translate into that dead language certain absolutely modern ideas and images, Baudelaire tells us, â€Å"he created for it a standing dictionary much more complex and extensive than the one which results from the vulgar patience of purely literary themes† (Paradis Artificiels). succeeding the Author, the writer no longer contains within himself passions, humors, sentiments, impressions, but that enormous dictionary, from wh ich he derives a writing which can know no end or halt: life can only imitate the book, and the book itself is only a tissue of signs, a lost, infinitely remote imitation.Once the Author is gone, the claim to â€Å"decipher† a text becomes quite useless. To give an Author to a text is to impose upon that text a stop clause, to furnish it with a final signification, to close the writing. This conception perfectly suits criticism, which can then take as its major task the discovery of the Author (or his hypostases: society, history, the psyche, freedom) beneath the work: once the Author is discovered, the text is â€Å"explained:’ the critic has conquered; hence it is scarcely surprising not only that, historically, the reign of the Author should also have been that of the Critic, but that criticism (even â€Å"new criticism†) should be overthrown along with the Author. In a ultiple writing, indeed, everything is to be distinguished, but nothing deciphered; structure can be followed, â€Å"threaded† (like a stocking that has run) in all its recurrences and all its stages, but there is no underlying ground; the space of the writing is to be traversed, not penetrated: writing ceaselessly posits meaning but always in order to evaporate it: it proceeds to a systematic exemption of meaning. Thus literature (it would be better, henceforth, to say writ ing), by refusing to assign to the text (and to the world as text) a â€Å"secret:’ that is, an ultimate meaning, liberates an activity which we might call counter-theological, properly revolutionary, for to refuse to arrest meaning is finally to refuse God and his hypostases, reason, science, the law.Let us return to Balzac’s sentence: no one (that is, no â€Å"person†) utters it: its source, its voice is not to be located; and yet it is perfectly read; this is because the true locus of writing is reading. Another very specific example can make this understood: recent investigations (J. P. Vernant) have shed light upon the constitutively ambiguous nature of Greek tragedy, the text of which is woven with words that have double meanings, each character understanding them unilaterally (this perpetual misunderstanding is precisely what is meant by â€Å"the tragic†); yet there is someone who understands each word in its duplicity, and understands further, o ne might say, the very deafness of the characters speaking in front of him: this someone is precisely the reader (or here the spectator). In this way is revealed the whole being of writing: a text consists of multiple writings, issuing from several cultures and entering into dialogue with each other, into parody, into contestation; but there is one place where this multiplicity is collected, united, and this place is not the author, as we have hitherto said it was, but the reader: the reader is the very space in which are inscribed, without any being lost, all the citations a writing consists of; the unity of a text is not in its origin, it is in its destination; but this destination can no longer be personal: the reader is a man without history, without biography, without psychology; he is only that someone who holds gathered into a single field all the paths of which the text is constituted.This is why it is absurd to hear the new writing condemned in the name of a humanism which hypocritically appoints itself the champion of the reader’s rights. The reader has never been the concern of classical criticism; fo r it, there is no other man in literature but the one who writes. We are now beginning to be the dupes no longer of such antiphrases, by which our society proudly champions precisely what it dismisses, ignores, smothers or destroys; we know that to restore to writing its future, we must reverse its myth: the birth of the reader must be ransomed by the death of the Author. How to cite Roland Barthes the Death of the Author, Papers

Pressure From The Women Essay Example For Students

Pressure From The Women Essay March 10, 1999English 102Pressure from the WomenIn Like a Winding Sheet Anne Petry chooses not to fully develop the femalecharacters of the story but still used them as a major part of the story to bring on theclimax. Petry chose to do this by using each womans appearance and in some cases theirrank in society to bring out the violent doings of Johnson. Petry first used Johnsons boss as a crisis in the plot. Johnson was described as aman in pain and being tired which is assumed by the reader was from working the longhours at work. After repeatedly being late to work his boss finally scolds him for arrivingso late, making her the first lady to start the conflict in the story. By Johnsons bossyelling at him he becomes angered as thoughts of striking his white, female boss enter hismind. The only things that keeps Johnson from hitting the boss was that it was extremelyimmoral to hit a woman, and the fact that she is a superior to him as his boss. The second woman in the story to create a complication in the story was the nextyoung white girl who is working at the coffee shop. On his way home from work Johnsonstopped at the coffee shop for the obvious cup of coffee. Johnson had waited in line forquite a while for the cup of coffee but when he finally got to the front for his coffee, theyoung white girl said that they were out of coffee. When she told Johnson this he didntthink that she did it in a polite manner at all. Johnson thought that he deserved morerespect due to him being an elder to the girl, he felt that the girl didnt show this respect. Once again Johnson had thoughts of striking the young girl but for morality reasons, herefrained. The final woman was the one that pushed the story to its climax. Johnsonreturned home a very tired and aggravated man from working and the disrespectfulwomen through out the day. This woman happened to be his wife Mae, waiting forJohnson at home. Mae verbally abused him similarly to what his boss had done. His wifetold him that he was being a tough old nigger, and continued with similar statements. Although her meaning of the term wasnt as serious as the bosses was, it still added toJohnsons pressure. Once again the thoughts of raising a hand and striking the woman passed throughhis mind. This time Johnson couldnt refrain from striking his abuser. Although theperson was again a woman, the pressure on the man had been too much, and he releasedall of his pressure. All the women throughout the day contributed to the pressure that theman had building inside which finally became too much for Johnson to contain.